Teenage Depression Essays - Depression, Abnormal Psychology

Teenage Depression Teenage depression is a growing problem in today's society and is often a major contributing factor for a multitude of adolescent problems. The statistics about teenage runaways, alcoholism, drug problems, pregnancy, eating disorders, and suicide are alarming. Even more startling are the individual stories behind these statistics because the young people involved come from all communities, all economic levels, all home situations-anyone's family. The common link is often depression. For the individuals experiencing this crisis, the statistics become relatively meaningless. The difficult passage into adolescence and early adulthood can leave lasting scars on the lives and psyches of an entire generation of young men and women. There is growing realization that teenage depression can be life- changing, even life-threatening. (McCoy 21) Depression is a murky pool of feelings and actions scientists have been trying to understand since the days of Hippocrates, who called it a "black bile." It has been called "the common cold of mental illness and, like the cold, it's difficult to quantify." (Arbetter 1) If feelings of great sadness or agitation last for much more than two weeks, it may be depression. For a long time, people who were feeling depressed were told to "snap out of it." According to a study done by National Institute of Mental Health, half of all Americans still view depression as a personal weakness or character flaw. Depression, however, is considered a medical disorder and can affect thoughts, feelings, physical health, and behaviors. It interferes with daily life such as school, friends, and family. "Clinical depression is the most incapacitating of all chronic conditions in terms of social functioning." (Salmans 11-12) Teenagers have always been vulnerable to depression for a variety of reasons. It's a confusing time of life because a teen's body is changing along with their relationships. "Teenagers constantly vacillate between strivings for independence from family and regressions to childish dependence on it." (Elkind 89) But today's teens face an additional challenge: They're growing up in a world quite different from that of their parent's youth. Adolescents today are faced with stresses that were unknown to previous generations and are dealing with them in an often self-destructive way. Contemporary society has changed the perception of teenagers. New parental lifestyles, combined with changes in the economy, often give less time and energy for parents to devote to their offspring. Society all too often views teens for what they can be instead of for who they are. Who they are becomes the identity of teenagers today. "They are confronted with the ambiguity of education, the dis! solution of family, the hostile commercialism of society, and the insecurity of relationships." (McCoy 16) This identity is fragile and is threatened by fears of rejection, feelings of failure, and of being different. These young people face stress in school as well with resources dwindling and campus violence and harassment increasing. Their sexual awakening comes in the age of AIDS, when sex can kill. In summary, teens today feel less safe, less empowered and less hopeful than we did a generation ago. Depression is a common concomitant to this struggle. (McCoy 36) It strikes 5% of teens and about 2% of children under 12. One in three adolescents in the nineties is at risk for serious depression. (Stern 28) Depression is the result of a complex mix of social, psychological, physical, and environmental factors. Teens with depressed parents are two to three times more likely to develop major depression. Genetic factors play a substantial but not overwhelming role in causing depression. (Dowling 37) Some type of significant loss can be a factor in triggering teenage depression. Loss can be due to death, divorce, separation, or loss of a family member, important friend or romantic interest. Loss can also be more subtle such as the loss of childhood, of a familiar way of being, of goals through achievement, or of boundaries and guidelines. (McCoy 46-48) Gender differences are becoming apparent, with girls having more difficulty with depression. Studies show girls are three times more likely than boys to suffer depression. A university study showed a close link between depression and negative body image and girls are usually more self-conscious about their bodies than boys. (Sol! in 157) The reasons for depression

TLC essays

TLC essays The song unpretty is about a girl who was always happy with herself and the way she looked. But her boyfriend makes her doubt herself because hes always stuck on her looks and criticices her appearance. Because of this she is starting to feel unpretty and insecure. She also thinks her boyfriend doesnt care about her inner self. So shes thinking about dumping him so she could be happy with herself again. Ive chosen this song because I think its a very nice lyric with a deeper meaning from which you can learn something. People are usually judged by their appearance before someone wants to get to know them. This is wrong because looks are just the packing of a persons inner self. And you shouldnt care to much about what other people think about your looks as long as youre happy, because thats the most important. So like they show in the videoclip of unpretty : never do stupid things like a breast implant just because your boyfriend wants to. The other way around you also shouldnt judge very beautiful people. Its a stupid prejudice that very beautiful people cant be intelligent and perfect. And especially in a relationship appearance isnt the most important thing because youre relationship is build on looks it isnt gonna last long. I think all girls should learn off the message TLC gives us here! It's very important that girls all over the world know that they must be strond! You shou ldn't do something only because your boyfriend or somebody else tells you! Make your own choises bso you can be happy with you, yor body, your looks, etc. This is the reasen I wanted to talk about this song : it has an important message! ...

People and Organisations Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

People and Organisations Coursework - Essay Example The author presented three arguments. First, the continuously evolving setting promotes flexibility, versatility, the creation of knowledge organisations, and boundaryless career. Second, employees are responding to dying out career traditions by turning their attention toward particular occupation and professional roles. And, third, traditional career norms are weakening because people are continuously adapting and finding new ways to build and strengthen their networks, relationships, and roles. The author concludes that the negative psychological notion related to shifting or different careers is no longer existent today. Nowadays, people are more concerned about or focused on their career assets than their career stability. It is important to emphasise at this point that the extent and expanse of literature the author used is justifiable or appropriate with regard to relevance and application. This method strengthens the reliability of the article. The author employed a suitable method to derive his arguments and look for answers for the questions of the article. Information was gathered using extensive library research and review of secondary sources. No method to gather primary information was carried out. The only weakness of the article is its use of only qualitative methods and fully discarding the value of a mixed method approach, especially in substantiating other studies’ findings about the obsoleteness of career stability, such as the article of Kerr Inkson entitled The Boundaryless Career (2012). Nevertheless, the article contributed much to the understanding of how boundaryless career and project management are connected to each other. The author showed how an individual’s pursuit of career capital contributes to the creation and transfer of knowledge which is highly valuable to project-based industries. Boundaryless career, according to the author, promotes the rise of knowledge workers and knowledge organisations. In a

Business Venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Venture - Essay Example Some of the themes include: Creation of a new (better) product, bringing in a product with more economic value than others, a vision for growth, desire to foster continuity to a family business and willingness to take uncertainty. ICEVED (2006) explained that research into entrepreneurial behaviour should consider contextual issues and identify the processes that give explicit explanation rather than just describing this phenomenon, and thus leaving the venture vulnerable to ambiguity Economics of value creation is the theme being addressed, and its relevance to the business plan. This heavy duty focus was picked because it is the chief reason for any business venture. This is a basic framework for evaluating and optimizing profits in a business operation. As a matter of emphasis, any business person desires to grow economically. The growth of one individual will automatically overlap into the country's economy. This theme enables a person to make a choice between the infinite business options, and what customers to target and further still how to manage the organisation. A business person is further faced with a forecast of whether there shall be an expansion in his or her venture or not and this is challenging. The road to prosperity is not always easy. Tough decisions have to be made. Such is the case when cornered with many business options to choose from. To support decision making process, a semi-quantitative dimension is added. This consists of general seven step evaluation process as below (Zero million.com, 2008). 1. The starting point is a list of strategic options, as they may have been identified during conventional strategic planning 2. The next step are to identify who will influence the value creation process 3. Find out what value drivers each of them use to influence it. 4. For customers representative of different segments, we can evaluate the value to the customer, the risk to the customer and the relative market power between buyer and seller. 5. The following step is to analyze the cost structure and understand how it scales with market size. 6. By combining the results from the two previous steps it is possible to find the optimal profit as a function of volume, value drivers and the other parameters. 7. In the final step the strategic implications of the various options are integrated with other knowledge to form the basis for selecting a winning business strategy. From a policy perspective, economics of value development; which the main theme of discussion, can be defined as efforts that seek to improve the economic well-being and quality of life for a community by creating Jobs, goods and services which override the former ones. Economic development is an area which pushes a country into progress, and in touches all aspects of an economy. This includes Financial, population, agricultural, technological and acquisition sector (Lupke, 2001). Of major interest is the expansion of the business plan named: White Lion Enterprise ltd. Analysing this business plan will bring to light various aspects, all

Four Traditions of Geography Essay Example for Free

Four Traditions of Geography Essay Four Tradition of Geography The Four Traditions of Geography has many different assumptions and aspects of geography; aspects ranging from basic mapping and geometry, to the impact on nature of humans and the processes of the earth itself. Geographers can study and explain their research by selecting a certain tradition that leads to many different fields of geography. â€Å"There are four traditions whose identification provides an alternative to the competing monistic definitions that have been a geographer’s lot† (Pattison 1964). The following discussion treats the traditions in this order: (1) a spatial tradition, (2) an area studies tradition, (3) a man-land tradition and (4) an earth science tradition† (Pattison 1964). Pattison is exploring all the categories of geography and he is explaining how these different traditions can uncover the meanings of different studies of geography. â€Å"Going further one can uncover the meanings of â€Å"systematic geography,† â€Å"regional geography,† â€Å"urban geography,† â€Å"industrial geography,† etc. † (Pattison 1964). Spatial tradition is an area of concentration that relies on geometry and movement. It also is the study of mapping as seen in the ancient Greece recordings of such, and it also deals with the GIS system. GIS is any system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and presents data that are linked to a location. It explores the central place theory and how it is used in geography. Central place theory is the geography theory that seeks to explain the number, size and location of human settlements in an urban system. Area Studies, just like the spatial tradition it has roots from many, many years ago. The Greek philosopher, Strabo, wrote an encyclopedia about geographical knowledge. â€Å"He is Strabo, celebrated for his Geography which is a massive production addressed to the statesmen of Augustan Rome and intended to sum up and regularize knowledge not of the location of places and associated cartographic facts, as in the somewhat later case of Ptolemy, but of the nature of places, their character and their differentiation† (Pattison 1964). The area-studies tradition was tended to be excluded from early American professional geography. Today, it is beset by certain champions of the spatial tradition who would have one believe that somehow the area studies way of organizing knowledge is only a subdepartment of spatialism† (Pattison 1964). It concentrates on the descriptions of regions in order to differentiate them from other regions and areas. Being able to understand geography in these terms can reveal the deepest knowledge of the world’s environment. The Man-Land tradition describes the human impact in nature and also the impact of nature on humans, and it also defines the nature disasters our world takes on. Social Darwinism simply grabbed a theory from the biosciences and applied it to social happenings without the lengthy process of trial and error for social data which led to environmentalism. Environmentalism is a broad philosophy and social movement regarding concerns for environmental conservation and improvement of the environment. Man-Land gives us the basic perception on the environment and what is happening to it. The earth science tradition, embraces the study of the earth, the waters of the earth, and the atmosphere surrounding the earth and the association between the earth and the sun† (Pattison 1964). On two different hands of the topic, it is being used and then it is not being used. â€Å"On one hand, it is not always elected as the best tradition as it has been decreasing in use from past decades, while on the other one knows that college departments rely substantially, for justification of their role in general education, upon curricular content springing directly from this tradition† (Pattison 1964). It also acknowledges the human impact on the planet but mainly focuses on the planet itself and its physical processes. Geology, mineralogy, paleontology, glaciology, and meteorology all have rooted out of these studies. From reading â€Å"Four Traditions of Geography† and â€Å"In Search of Synthesis,† Area Studies tradition is my personal preference on this matter. Gober talks about the many different specialties that lie in between human and physical geography, and I grasped that I am more of a physical, on-hands doing person. With human geography you study societies as a whole and I am more interested in urbanization of the earth and how we can use the land we have in a fashion that is basically perfect. I am interested in the different regions because I am really fascinated in real estate and I figure I would learn a whole lot about the physical aspect of geography. I feel that I could really excel in real estate with this kind of learning. The Four Traditions of Geography has different definitions and aspects of geography. With the information given, people are given the opportunity to understand what geography is all about and be able to break geography down and select a certain practice from the very selective topic. â€Å"It is hoped that through a widened willingness to conceive of and discuss the field in terms of these traditions, geography will be better able to secure the inner unity and outer intelligibility† (Pattison 1964). William D. Pattison, The Four Traditions of Geography, (1964).

Preserve the Oak Ridges Moraine :: essays research papers

The Oak Ridges Moraine is one of the last natural areas in southern Ontario which we can preserve for future generations. The Moraine has many natural resources that our city will need for the future. It also is has over nine hundred species of animals, many of which are rare or endangered. Lastly, there are numerous of other places to build homes on without harming twelve thousand years of history. Ruining the beautiful Oak Ridges Moraine would be a mistake because it provides many natural resources, it is home to many animals, and there are other places to build besides the Moraine. The Oak Ridges Moraine provides many natural resources, and it is crucial to preserve them, because they play such an important role in our country. Water, is a perfect example of a resource that we definitely cannot afford to waste, and the Oak Ridges Moraine is a direct source of drinking water for more than a quarter of a million people. Another resource we need to keep is trees, even thought there are a lot of trees in northern Canada, transporting them will take a lot of time and money. The moraine also forms headwaters for 4 major rivers, like the Don Rouge Humber, and Credit Rivers. We need to preserve natural resources, like water, trees, and headwaters in the Oak Ridges Moraine because they are vital to our everyday living. Within the moraine there are countless species of animals that will soon be displaces from their habitant. Many of the creatures are endangered or rare, for example the West Virginia White Butterfly, Jefferson Salamander, Red-shouldered Hawk, American Ginseng, and the Hooded warbler. Putting these animals in zoos, or special buildings is not the answer, because they will not have the surroundings that they are used to in the wild. Also, by building roads in the Moraine, there will be a bigger chance that these animals are run over, or hit by the incoming cars. In conclusion, we should preserve the Oak Ridges Moraine and its animals because they are endangered they can?t live in zoos, and may be killed by the urban environment. Even thought the Oak Ridges Moraine is a very tempting place to build, but the city of Toronto has countless of other places to build homes. One area that Toronto can build on is the Major Mackenzie and Keele area, that land will be put to good use, because we are expanding the city, and preserving the Moraine. Preserve the Oak Ridges Moraine :: essays research papers The Oak Ridges Moraine is one of the last natural areas in southern Ontario which we can preserve for future generations. The Moraine has many natural resources that our city will need for the future. It also is has over nine hundred species of animals, many of which are rare or endangered. Lastly, there are numerous of other places to build homes on without harming twelve thousand years of history. Ruining the beautiful Oak Ridges Moraine would be a mistake because it provides many natural resources, it is home to many animals, and there are other places to build besides the Moraine. The Oak Ridges Moraine provides many natural resources, and it is crucial to preserve them, because they play such an important role in our country. Water, is a perfect example of a resource that we definitely cannot afford to waste, and the Oak Ridges Moraine is a direct source of drinking water for more than a quarter of a million people. Another resource we need to keep is trees, even thought there are a lot of trees in northern Canada, transporting them will take a lot of time and money. The moraine also forms headwaters for 4 major rivers, like the Don Rouge Humber, and Credit Rivers. We need to preserve natural resources, like water, trees, and headwaters in the Oak Ridges Moraine because they are vital to our everyday living. Within the moraine there are countless species of animals that will soon be displaces from their habitant. Many of the creatures are endangered or rare, for example the West Virginia White Butterfly, Jefferson Salamander, Red-shouldered Hawk, American Ginseng, and the Hooded warbler. Putting these animals in zoos, or special buildings is not the answer, because they will not have the surroundings that they are used to in the wild. Also, by building roads in the Moraine, there will be a bigger chance that these animals are run over, or hit by the incoming cars. In conclusion, we should preserve the Oak Ridges Moraine and its animals because they are endangered they can?t live in zoos, and may be killed by the urban environment. Even thought the Oak Ridges Moraine is a very tempting place to build, but the city of Toronto has countless of other places to build homes. One area that Toronto can build on is the Major Mackenzie and Keele area, that land will be put to good use, because we are expanding the city, and preserving the Moraine.

What Really Makes Factories Flexible

Introduction: In this literature, â€Å"What really makes factories flexible? † the writer brought out the topic for factory flexibility, which defines as a production  facility  organized  to  respond to customer orders quickly in order to provide  a  full  and varied range  of  operations  or  services, across many  product lines with very short  changeover times and may introduce new products of similar range fairly easy. For example, most modern  automobile plants  are designed as  flexible  factories to build various models. Having acknowledged the importance of flexibility, how would manufacturing managers in a broad array of industries find pathways to improve the process? What are the difficulties of defining flexibility of a plant and how do they measure flexibility in terms of plant productivity? What measurements are needed to show improvement of the process? The author performed a research in a study of sixty-one factories in North America that manufacture fine paper to find out the answer. Define the problem: Unlike most other industries in which different plants make different products, the paper industry's products are more comparable across plants since paper are produced by very similar process. There are a few characteristics for the paper industries to be the right candidate. In paper industry, the qualities of products by grades are straightforward numbers which can be able to be measured by the author. These numbers enabled the author to develop both the range of paper a plant could produce and how much time it needed for a plant to switch from making one kind of paper to making another. By using these numbers the author was be able to define the operational flexibility for manufacturing plants needed to measure and find the ways to improve the processes. Defining the problem is the first thing needed by each manager. â€Å"What is flexibility? † Managers are having hard times to define as the term may mean very different for different people. At plant level, it is about the ability to change over or adapt new system, however, specifying and characterizing this ability is not an easy task. As one manager may talk about the flexibility to produce the types of production from up and down depending on what the market needs; another manager may talks about the flexibility to change over from making one type of paper to another with less time and money. In the author's point of view, flexibility should be emphasized in determining by its competitive environment. The measurement of flexibility can be based on a) product range in different things as a plant can have the ability to produce a small number of products that are very different from one another b) mobility for a plant to change over from making one product to another and c) uniformity of performance as a flexible plant can perform comparably well to make any product within a specified range. Once managers have defined the different kinds of flexibility they are trying to develop, another set of issues had come up as how to measure the flexibility and improvement of flexibility. Also it is often unclear in which general features of a plant must be changed in order to make its operations flexible. The depth and wisdom of experience managers have to be carefully assessing their strategies to define what kind of flexibility they are looking for before embarking on a flexibility program, or otherwise the results can be disastrous. Implication and analysis to select best alternatives: By collecting production data, the author was able to measure the breadth of paper grades that each plant was capable of producing and the changeover time that each plant required to switch between grades. There were additional measurements of flexibility such as workforce by length of service, the level of computer integration (CIM), the change and break frequency, etc. Each plant may emphasize in a whole range of factors from different quality and types of flexibility based on the managers, so end up there are large differences across plants. One major issue covered in this literature is that the degree of computer integration (CIM) does not really help on plant flexibility by increasing range of products produced or improving change over time even though large money was invested in it. Managers often have difficulty justifying CIM projects on the basis of cost savings or quality improvements therefore justify them on basis of improved flexibility CIM will provide. In this case, only the engineers or a few trained employees understand how the system works; most of the plant operators are not trained to operate which create problems. Operators instead decide to perform manual-change over, which in a surprising findings the best manual change system operate much faster than computer. This result shows the serious problem from operators as they have no interest to adapt the change to operate CIM. It hit hard on the managers with thoughts being reluctant that they are doing something right, but actually they are wrong. Implement decision to change the system: For successful manager to figure out the issues of CIM before implementing it in a plant, they should consider building up skills for their operators. As the author denoted, â€Å"Plants become more flexible when managers stress to workers the importance of flexibility. For example, a plant that wants to excel at customizing products will need to develop the capabilities to carry out large range of jobs in the plant. Managers then need to determine what type of workforce or equipment (ex CIM) needs to enhance flexibility. After that managers need to figure out different ways to measure the type of flexibility sought and emphasize the importance of the measures to the employees. Trainings should be added in th e process to build up experienced workforce and eventually to see improvement in flexibility. For example, continuous learning problem such as operational excellence may help management team in different level to control and maintain a flexible manufacturing plant. Evaluate the outcome: By integrating the appropriate steps to a) defining the problem of flexibility, b) implication and analysis to select best alternatives and c) implement decision to change the system, the next step is to evaluate the outcome to see if there is any improvement or if not, further alterations will need to be made. Outcomes that need to be evaluated are not limited to employee training in different level. Employees training based on experience are critical for a manufacturing plant to increase flexibility. More experience workers are not willing to adapting the new systems such as CIM comparing to less experience workers who are more willing to change. Conclusion: A good manufacturing management team designs what is best way for its plant to run, and plants that are flexible in terms of mobility (in terms of change over time) and range (in terms of various productivity) tended to have a clear measures of what flexibility should be developed. Managers have to decide what benefits the plant, how the plant operate, what kind of flexibility they are looking for, select the right decision making tools such as CIM, training for the employees based on different levels of experience, analyzing the data and provide surveys for customers. Managers should provide people the support needed in order to achieve the goal for lower the cost, decreasing change over time, increasing throughput and eventually make more money. Manager should never put too much faith in depending on CIM to complete the tasks in ease. CIM provides critical advantages to improve factory flexibility only if it can be implemented in the right way to fit the system. CIM generally needs experienced operators to control so trainings are critical for employees in different level. CIM could only be one of the alternative tools for managers to use. The flexibility of a plant depends much more on people (manager, field-supervisors, engineers and operators) than on any technical factor (automation, CIM). Managers should never only embraced in CIM as the solution to the growing need to forge new capabilities, instead managers should put more faith in the day to day management of people. Extended Research: I read two other articles which were written within the last three years. It is obvious that both articles talk about how computer integration both software and hardware can help to improve process flow and flexibility of a plant. This is because a more mature CIM system has been established through studies from field experts and universities. In general, employees nowadays understand that continuous learning is the keys to maintain competitiveness in the job market. This doesn’t mean that managers’ job are easier to do, but flexibilities in all level from a plant, a team, or just individual are critical in order to maintain a competitive advantage. Reference: 1. Manufacturing Flexibility – Synchronizing the Shop Floor and Supply Chain by Aberdeen Group 2. Improving Plant Performance and Flexibility in Batch Process Manufacturing: With an Example from the Food and Beverage Industry by Filippo Focacci